diff --git a/poller/internal/snmp/profiles.go b/poller/internal/snmp/profiles.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0064f75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/poller/internal/snmp/profiles.go
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+package snmp
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+)
+
+// JSON deserialization types for profile_data JSONB column.
+type profileDataJSON struct {
+	Version    int                      `json:"version"`
+	PollGroups map[string]pollGroupJSON `json:"poll_groups"`
+}
+
+type pollGroupJSON struct {
+	IntervalMultiplier int              `json:"interval_multiplier"`
+	Scalars            []scalarOIDJSON  `json:"scalars"`
+	Tables             []tableOIDJSON   `json:"tables"`
+}
+
+type scalarOIDJSON struct {
+	OID         string `json:"oid"`
+	Name        string `json:"name"`
+	Type        string `json:"type"`
+	MapTo       string `json:"map_to"`
+	Transform   string `json:"transform,omitempty"`
+	FallbackFor string `json:"fallback_for,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type tableOIDJSON struct {
+	OID        string              `json:"oid"`
+	Name       string              `json:"name"`
+	IndexOID   string              `json:"index_oid"`
+	Columns    []columnOIDJSON     `json:"columns"`
+	MapTo      string              `json:"map_to"`
+	PreferOver string              `json:"prefer_over,omitempty"`
+	Filter     map[string][]string `json:"filter,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type columnOIDJSON struct {
+	OID  string `json:"oid"`
+	Name string `json:"name"`
+	Type string `json:"type"`
+}
+
+// sysOIDEntry maps a sysObjectID prefix to a profile UUID.
+type sysOIDEntry struct {
+	Prefix    string
+	ProfileID string
+}
+
+// ProfileCache caches compiled SNMP profiles in memory with periodic DB refresh.
+// Profile lookup by ID is O(1). sysObjectID matching uses longest-prefix-first.
+type ProfileCache struct {
+	mu        sync.RWMutex
+	profiles  map[string]*CompiledProfile // keyed by profile UUID
+	sysOIDMap []sysOIDEntry              // sorted by prefix length desc
+	genericID string                      // UUID of generic-snmp (fallback)
+	refreshAt time.Duration
+	db        *pgxpool.Pool
+}
+
+// NewProfileCache creates a ProfileCache that refreshes from the database
+// at the given interval. Call Load to perform the initial load, then
+// StartRefresh to begin the background refresh goroutine.
+func NewProfileCache(db *pgxpool.Pool, refreshInterval time.Duration) *ProfileCache {
+	return &ProfileCache{
+		profiles:  make(map[string]*CompiledProfile),
+		refreshAt: refreshInterval,
+		db:        db,
+	}
+}
+
+// Load queries all SNMP profiles from the database, compiles their JSONB
+// profile_data into typed Go structs, and replaces the in-memory cache
+// atomically under a write lock.
+func (c *ProfileCache) Load(ctx context.Context) error {
+	const query = `SELECT id::text, name, sys_object_id, profile_data FROM snmp_profiles`
+
+	rows, err := c.db.Query(ctx, query)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("querying snmp_profiles: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+
+	profiles := make(map[string]*CompiledProfile)
+	var entries []sysOIDEntry
+	var genericID string
+
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var (
+			id          string
+			name        string
+			sysObjectID *string
+			profileData []byte
+		)
+		if err := rows.Scan(&id, &name, &sysObjectID, &profileData); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("scanning snmp_profiles row: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		compiled, err := compileProfileData(profileData)
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Warn("skipping profile with invalid profile_data",
+				"profile_id", id, "name", name, "error", err)
+			continue
+		}
+		compiled.ID = id
+		compiled.Name = name
+		profiles[id] = compiled
+
+		if sysObjectID != nil && *sysObjectID != "" {
+			entries = append(entries, sysOIDEntry{
+				Prefix:    *sysObjectID,
+				ProfileID: id,
+			})
+		}
+
+		if name == "generic-snmp" {
+			genericID = id
+		}
+	}
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("iterating snmp_profiles rows: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Sort sysOIDMap by prefix length descending for longest-prefix-first matching.
+	sort.Slice(entries, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return len(entries[i].Prefix) > len(entries[j].Prefix)
+	})
+
+	// Atomically replace the cache under write lock.
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	c.profiles = profiles
+	c.sysOIDMap = entries
+	c.genericID = genericID
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+
+	slog.Info("profile cache loaded", "profiles", len(profiles), "sysoid_entries", len(entries))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Get returns the compiled profile for the given UUID, or nil if not found.
+// Lookup is O(1) from the in-memory map.
+func (c *ProfileCache) Get(profileID string) *CompiledProfile {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+	return c.profiles[profileID]
+}
+
+// MatchSysObjectID finds the best profile for a device's sysObjectID value
+// using longest-prefix matching. Returns the generic-snmp profile ID if
+// no vendor-specific prefix matches.
+func (c *ProfileCache) MatchSysObjectID(sysObjectID string) string {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	for _, entry := range c.sysOIDMap {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(sysObjectID, entry.Prefix) {
+			return entry.ProfileID
+		}
+	}
+	return c.genericID
+}
+
+// StartRefresh runs a background goroutine that reloads the profile cache
+// from the database at the configured interval. It logs errors but does not
+// stop on failure. Returns when ctx is cancelled.
+func (c *ProfileCache) StartRefresh(ctx context.Context) {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(c.refreshAt)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			if err := c.Load(ctx); err != nil {
+				slog.Error("profile cache refresh failed", "error", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// compileProfileData parses raw JSONB profile_data into a CompiledProfile.
+// The ID and Name fields are NOT set here -- the caller populates them from
+// the database row.
+func compileProfileData(raw []byte) (*CompiledProfile, error) {
+	var data profileDataJSON
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &data); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshalling profile_data: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	profile := &CompiledProfile{
+		PollGroups: make(map[string]*PollGroup, len(data.PollGroups)),
+	}
+
+	for groupName, groupJSON := range data.PollGroups {
+		pg := &PollGroup{
+			IntervalMultiplier: groupJSON.IntervalMultiplier,
+			Scalars:            make([]ScalarOID, len(groupJSON.Scalars)),
+			Tables:             make([]TableOID, len(groupJSON.Tables)),
+		}
+
+		for i, s := range groupJSON.Scalars {
+			pg.Scalars[i] = ScalarOID{
+				OID:         s.OID,
+				Name:        s.Name,
+				Type:        s.Type,
+				MapTo:       s.MapTo,
+				Transform:   s.Transform,
+				FallbackFor: s.FallbackFor,
+			}
+		}
+
+		for i, t := range groupJSON.Tables {
+			cols := make([]ColumnOID, len(t.Columns))
+			for j, c := range t.Columns {
+				cols[j] = ColumnOID{
+					OID:  c.OID,
+					Name: c.Name,
+					Type: c.Type,
+				}
+			}
+			pg.Tables[i] = TableOID{
+				OID:        t.OID,
+				Name:       t.Name,
+				IndexOID:   t.IndexOID,
+				Columns:    cols,
+				MapTo:      t.MapTo,
+				PreferOver: t.PreferOver,
+				Filter:     t.Filter,
+			}
+		}
+
+		profile.PollGroups[groupName] = pg
+	}
+
+	return profile, nil
+}